Cytokines activate or inhibit immune cell behavior and are thus integral to all immune
responses. IL-1α and IL-1β are powerful apical cytokines that instigate multiple downstream …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the inhibition of anti-tumor immune
responses. Understanding the mechanisms governing Treg homeostasis may therefore be …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells constitute a dynamic population that is essential for controlling
immune responses in health and disease. Defects in Treg cell function and decreases in …

Targeting tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment is a crucial strategy in
immunotherapy. However, the critical role of the tumour lymph node (LN) immune …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk malignancy due to its high capacity for
invasion and lack of targeted therapy. Immunotherapy continues to demonstrate efficacy in a …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in the development of an immunosuppressive
tumor microenvironment. The origin of intratumoral Treg cells and their relationship with …

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that regulate the migration of immune cells.
Chemokines function as cues for the coordinated recruitment of immune cells into and out of …

The peculiarity of T cell is their ability to recognize an infinite range of self and foreign
antigens. This ability is achieved during thymic development through a complex molecular …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown remarkable clinical success in boosting
antitumor immunity. However, the breadth of its cellular targets and specific mode of action …

As interactions between the immune system and tumour cells are governed by a complex
network of cell–cell interactions, knowing the specific immune cell composition of a solid …