Gambling disorder is characterized by a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is
associated with substantial distress or impairment. The prevalence of gambling disorder has …

An influential model suggests that dopamine signals the difference between predicted and
experienced reward. In this way, dopamine can act as a learning signal that can shape …

Impulsive-compulsive behaviours like pathological gambling or hypersexuality are a
frequent side effect of dopamine replacement therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease …

Background The hypothesis that dopamine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of
pathological gambling is pervasive. However, there is little to no direct evidence for a …

Early age of gambling onset, ease of gambling with technological developments and lack of
controlling online gambling games have led to unmanageable risk of gambling. Individual …

Impulse-control disorders are commonly observed during dopamine-replacement therapy in
Parkinson's disease, but the majority of patients seems “immune” to this side effect …

Affective disorders and personality changes have long been considered pre-motor aspects
of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many authors have used the term “premorbid personality” to …

Several behaviors, including compulsive gambling, have been considered non-substance-
related addictive disorders. Categorical mental disorders (eg, DSM-5) are usually …

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) in association
with dopaminergic treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with ICDs have multiple co …

Pathological gambling, alongside addictive and antisocial disorders, forms part of a broad
psychopathological spectrum of externalizing disorders, which share an underlying genetic …