Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung
disease (ILD) of unknown aetiology, with a median survival of 2–4 years from the time of …

Wound healing is a complex multi-step process that requires spatial and temporal
orchestration of cellular and non-cellular components. Hypoxia is one of the prominent …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown etiology
characterized by distorted distal lung architecture, inflammation, and fibrosis. The molecular …

The transition from land to water in whales and dolphins (cetaceans) was accompanied by
remarkable adaptations. To reveal genomic changes that occurred during this transition, we …

The immune system is receiving increasing attention for interstitial lung diseases, as
knowledge on its role in fibrosis development and response to therapies is expanding …

Hypoxia has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Aberrantly
activated myofibroblasts are the primary pathological driver of fibrotic progression, yet how …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, incurable interstitial lung disease with high
mortality after diagnosis and remains a global public health problem. Despite advances and …

Findings from recently published placebo-controlled trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
have established that pirfenidone and nintedanib prevent about 50% of the decline in forced …

Metabolic dysregulation in fibroblasts is implicated in the profibrotic actions of transforming
growth factor–β (TGF-β). Here, we present evidence that hexokinase 2 (HK2) is important for …

Background Nintedanib is in clinical development as a treatment for idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF). Data from the Phase II TOMORROW study suggested that nintedanib 150 mg …