Glucuronidation and sulfation are the most typical phase II metabolic reactions of drugs. The
resulting glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are generally considered inactive and safe …

Developmental changes in children can affect the disposition and clinical effects of a drug,
indicating that scaling an adult dose simply down per linear weight can potentially lead to …

The role of membrane transporters on pharmacokinetics (PKs), drug–drug interactions
(DDIs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and toxicity of drugs has been broadly recognized …

A reliable translation of in vitro and preclinical data on drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to humans is important for safe and effective drug …

The human solute carrier 22 family (SLC22), also termed the organic ion transporter family,
consists of 28 distinct multi-membrane spanning proteins, which phylogenetically cluster …

Pediatric drug development faces many difficulties. Traditionally, pediatric drug doses are
simply calculated linearly based on the body weight, age, and body surface area of adults …

Most drugs are administered to children orally. An information gap remains on the protein
abundance of small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters …

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with several physiological changes
that can alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs. For certain …

There is growing evidence that active tubular secretory clearance (CLs) may not decline
proportionally with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Abstract Background and Objective More than half of all drugs are still prescribed off-label to
children. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data are needed to support off-label dosing, however for …