ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that
revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system …

Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic
and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including …

Obesity is an energy‐rich condition associated with overnutrition, which impairs systemic
metabolic homeostasis and elicits stress. It also activates an inflammatory process in …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is
independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of treatment for CKD is …

Obesity, the most common nutritional disorder in industrialized countries, is associated with
an increased mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is primarily …

Fat is either white or brown, the latter being found principally in neonates. White fat, which
comprises adipocytes, pre-adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and …

Background—Apelin, the endogenous ligand for the novel G protein–coupled receptor APJ,
has major cardiovascular effects in preclinical models. The study objectives were to …

Apelin receptors, present on vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and
cardiomyocytes, are activated by the family of apelin peptides to elicit cardiovascular effects …

Effective myocardial function depends primarily on oxidative energy production. In humans,
at a heart rate of 60 to 70 beats per minute, the oxygen consumption normalized per gram of …

Background: Patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction
are at a high risk of developing heart failure. The addition of neprilysin inhibition to renin …