Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with orexigenic actions in
discrete hypothalamic nuclei that plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis. NPY …

BACKGROUND Because of the substantial energy demands of reproduction, the brain must
temper the fertility of individuals to match nutritional availability. Under-nutrition is associated …

Previous studies have suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the dorsomedial
hypothalamus (DMH) serves as an important signaling peptide in the regulation of energy …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) play a central
role in stimulation of feeding. They sense and integrate peripheral and central signals …

The anorexigenic hormone leptin plays an important role in the control of food intake and
feeding-related behavior, for an important part through its action in the hypothalamus. The …

Reproductive function in mammals is energetically costly and therefore tightly regulated by
nutritional status. To enable this integration of metabolic and reproductive function …

Spexin (SPX) is a pleiotropic peptide with highly conserved protein sequence from fish to
mammals and its biological actions are mediated by GalR2/GalR3 receptors expressed in …

Two major biological players in the regulation of body weight are the gut and the brain.
Peptides released from the gut convey information about energy needs to areas of the brain …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alarin is a recently discovered member of the galanin
peptide family encoded by a splice variant of galanin‐like peptide (GALP) mRNA. Galanin …

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) was discovered in 1999 in the porcine hypothalamus and was
found to be a 60 amino acid neuropeptide. GALP shares sequence homology to galanin (1 …