The renin–angiotensin system is an important component of the cardiovascular system.
Mounting evidence suggests that the metabolic products of angiotensin I and II—initially …

The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging threat to global public health. While our current
understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis is limited, a better understanding will help us …

The novel SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may be particularly deleterious to
patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Chronic activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes and
perpetuates the syndromes of congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, and chronic …

In the past, endothelium was thought to be only a mechanical barrier. Today, endothelium is
known to be a tissue regulating vascular tone, cell growth and the interaction between the …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense,
single-stranded RNA virus that causes the potentially lethal Covid-19 respiratory tract …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is undisputedly one of the most prominent endocrine
(tissue-to-tissue), paracrine (cell-to-cell) and intracrine (intracellular/nuclear) vasoactive …

Thirty years ago, a novel axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was unveiled by the
discovery of angiotensin-(1− 7)[ANG-(1− 7)] generation in vivo. Later, angiotensin …

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme 2
(ACE2) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). After generating ALI …