Insects, birds, and bats that power and control flight by flapping their wings perform excellent
flight stability and maneuverability by rapidly and continuously varying their wing motions …

Many of the existing winged-insect species are extremely small (wing length≈ 0.3–4 mm);
they are referred to as miniature insects. Yet, until recently much of our knowledge about the …

The wing aspect ratio (AR), that is, the ratio of the wingspan to the mean wing chord, is the
most important geometrical parameter describing an insect wing. While studies have shown …

Miniature insects fly at very low Reynolds numbers, and the effect of air viscosity is large.
Previous studies in this area are on hover flight. Here, we study the forward flight, by …

The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is well known for its contribution to the high-lift generation in
a wide variety of biological organisms, such as flying insects, auto-rotating samaras, and …

In this paper, we numerically investigate the propulsive performance of three-dimensional
pitching flexible plates with varying flexibility and trailing edge shapes. We employ our …

In this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of time-varying bending stiffness on the
propulsion performance of a flapping foil using a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction …

In nature, the phenomenon of cluster movements of fish, birds, and insects is universal,
which constantly inspires people to explore its advantages. In this study, the aerodynamic …

Tiny flying insects of body lengths under 2 mm use the “clap-and-fling” mechanism with
bristled wings for lift augmentation and drag reduction at a chord-based Reynolds number …

The ideal clap-and-fling mechanism is described as: clap, the leading edges of the wings
touch and then the wings rotate around the leading edge, closing the gap between the …