Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) represents an evolutionarily conserved family of
secreted polypeptide factors that regulate many aspects of physiological embryogenesis …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an …

Extracellular matrices (ECM s) are highly specialized and dynamic three‐dimensional (3D)
scaffolds into which cells reside in tissues. ECM is composed of a variety of fibrillar …

Kaempferol, also known as kaempferol‑3 or kaempferide, is a flavonoid compound that
naturally occurs in tea, as well as numerous common vegetables and fruits, including beans …

The CNS critically relies on the formation and proper function of its vasculature during
development, adult homeostasis and disease. Angiogenesis—the formation of new blood …

To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the
CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces a pleiotropic pathway that is modulated by the
cellular context and its integration with other signaling pathways. In cancer, the pleiotropic …

Fibrotic diseases are characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in
affected organs leading to their dysfunction and ultimate failure. Myofibroblasts have been …

A compelling long-term goal of cancer biology is to understand the crucial players during
tumorigenesis in order to develop new interventions. Here, we review how the four non …