Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia–neuron interactions
and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in …

Severe spinal cord injury causes permanent loss of function and sensation throughout the
body. The trauma causes a multifaceted torrent of pathophysiological processes which …

A structural scaffold embedding brain cells and vasculature is known as extracellular matrix
(ECM). The physical appearance of ECM in the central nervous system (CNS) ranges from a …

Abstract Background Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are principal pericellular
and extracellular components that form regulatory milieu involving numerous biological and …

A plethora of applications using polysaccharides have been developed in recent years due
to their availability as well as their frequent nontoxicity and biodegradability. These polymers …

Damage to the adult CNS often leads to persistent deficits due to the inability of mature
axons to regenerate after injury. Mounting evidence suggests that the glial environment of …

In recent years, smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels have drawn tremendous attention for
their varied applications, mainly in the biomedical field. These hydrogels are derived from …

Glycans are key participants in biological processes ranging from reproduction to cellular
communication to infection. Revealing glycan roles and the underlying molecular …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) consist of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan
(GAG) chains. There is enormous structural diversity among CSPGs due to variation in the …