This paper reviews the current knowledge on the various mechanisms for transbilayer, or flip-
flop, lipid motion in model and cell membranes, enzyme-assisted lipid transfer by flippases …

Aptamers are short nucleic acid oligos. They may serve as both drugs and drug‐carriers.
Their use as diagnostic tools is also evident. They can be generated using various …

Cells normally undergo physiological turnover through the induction of apoptosis and
phagocytic removal, partly through exposure of cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS). In …

Galectin-1 (Gal-1) regulates leukocyte turnover by inducing the cell surface exposure of
phosphatidylserine (PS), a ligand that targets cells for phagocytic removal, in the absence of …

Physics, mathematics and chemistry all play a vital role in understanding the true nature and
functioning of biological membranes, key elements of living processes. Besides simple …

Calcium-regulated exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells and neurons is accompanied by the
redistribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the extracellular space, leading to a disruption of …

The mechanisms of Pb (II) toxicity have been studied in human red blood cells using
confocal microscopy, immunolabeling, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and atomic force …

Most biological membranes are extremely complex structures consisting of hundreds of
different lipid and protein molecules. According to the famous fluid-mosaic model lipids and …

Phospholipids (PLs) are asymmetrically distributed at the plasma membrane. This
asymmetric lipid distribution is transiently altered during calcium-regulated exocytosis, but …

High mortality rate in Amanita phalloides (death cap) intoxications is a result of the acute
liver failure following hepatocyte damage due to hepatocellular uptake of amatoxins. α …