Despite the success of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade by angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers, current …

Natriuretic peptides, which are activated in heart failure, play an important cardioprotective
role. The most notable of the cardioprotective natriuretic peptides are atrial natriuretic …

After its discovery in the early 1980s, the natriuretic peptide (NP) system has been
extensively characterized and its potential influence in the development and progression of …

As a family of hormones with pleiotropic effects, natriuretic peptide (NP) system includes
atrial NP (ANP), B-type NP (BNP), C-type NP (CNP), dendroaspis NP and urodilatin, with NP …

Adipose tissue lipolysis is the catabolic process leading to the breakdown of triglycerides
stored in fat cells and release of fatty acids and glycerol. Recent work has revealed that …

The volume of extracellular fluid (ECF) is maintained within narrow limits in normal human
subjects, despite day-to-day variations in dietary intake of salt and water over a wide range …

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote diuresis, natriuresis and vasodilation in early chronic
heart failure (CHF), countering renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and …

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are key diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with
heart failure (HF). The main mechanism for increasing serum NP levels, which is …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex disease in which cardiomyocyte injury leads to a cascade of
inflammatory and fibrosis pathway activation, thereby causing decrease in cardiac function …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide
regardless of gender. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in population across …