Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder that affects an
estimated 10 million sufferers worldwide. The two forms of PD include familial and sporadic …

Amphetamines represent a class of psychotropic compounds, widely abused for their
stimulant, euphoric, anorectic, and, in some cases, emphathogenic, entactogenic, and …

Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and
methamphetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical …

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed
countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to …

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) has been applied to numerous clinical
studies, especially for neurological disorders. This technique can non-invasively evaluate …

Every decade seems to have its own unique drug problem. The 1970s had hallucinogens,
the 1980s had crack cocaine, the 1990s had designer drugs, the 2000s had …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a sympathomimetic amine that belongs to phenethylamine
and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs, which are widely abused for their stimulant …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Understanding the relationship between the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity
of high-dose methamphetamine (METH) and related clinical manifestations is imperative for …

Methamphetamine (MA) is a extremely addictive psychostimulant drug with a significant
abuse potential. Long-term MA exposure can induce neurotoxic effects through oxidative …