Janmey, Paul A. The Cytoskeleton and Cell Signaling: Component Localization and
Mechanical Coupling. Physiol. Rev. 78: 763–781, 1998.—The three-dimensional …

The adapter protein Shc was initially identified as an SH2 containing proto-oncogene
involved in growth factor signaling. Since then a number of studies in multiple systems have …

Mass spectrometry–based proteomics can reveal protein-protein interactions on a large
scale,, but it has been difficult to separate background binding from functionally important …

Prolyl 4-hydroxylases catalyze the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens and other
proteins with an appropriate collagen-like stretch of amino acid residues. The enzyme …

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors activate divergent signaling pathways by
phosphorylating multiple cellular proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and …

The Rho-like GTPases Cdc42, Rac, and Rho play key roles in the regulation of the actin
cytoskeleton and are implicated in transcriptional activation and cell transformation. We …

A cell should deal with the changing external environment or the neighboring cells.
Inevitably, the cell surface receives and transduces a number of signals to produce apt …

The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a key mediator of cell survival and cell growth that is
activated by most growth factors, but its downstream signaling largely remains to be …

Stimulation of macrophages with colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) results in the protein
tyrosine phosphorylation of the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) and many other, primarily …

The Shc family of adaptor proteins is a group of proteins that lacks intrinsic enzymatic
activity. Instead, Shc proteins possess various domains that allow them to recruit different …