The response to stress triggers activation of the genes involved in cell survival and/or cell
death. Stress response is a ubiquitous feature of cells that is induced under stress …

Scallops are a cosmopolitan family of bivalves, and some of them are highly prized as
dominant aquaculture species. In the past decades, there have been increasing studies on …

Marine microplastic has become an important environmental issue of global concern due to
its wide distribution and harmful impacts. However, there is still insufficient information on …

The highly hydrophobic surfaces make microplastics a potential carrier of organic pollutants
in the marine environment. In order to explore the toxic effects of polybrominated diphenyl …

The production of most farmed molluscs, including mussels, oysters, scallops, abalone, and
clams, is heavily dependent on natural seed from the plankton. Closing the lifecycle of …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a suite of highly conserved proteins well known for their
quick responses to environmental stresses. However, the respective roles of different HSPs …

Carotenoids are biologically active pigments that are well-known to enhance the defense
and immunity of the vertebrate system. However, in invertebrates, the role of carotenoids in …

Pearl oyster Pinctada martensii is cultured for production of pearl in China. It needs to
implant a mantle graft cut from a donor oyster and a seed nucleus into the gonad of the host …

The economical and phylogenic importance of mollusc has led an increasing number of
investigations giving emphasis to immune defense mechanism. This review discusses the …

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread nonessential heavy metal that enters the aquatic
environment as a result of natural processes and human activities such as wastewater …