In the past decade since kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cells were first identified
in the mammalian hypothalamus, a plethora of new research has emerged adding insights …

The distribution of neurons and terminal fields that contain a variety of neurotransmitters and
steroid hormone receptors has been examined with in situ hybridization and …

Considerable evidence suggests that dynorphin and neurokinin B (NKB) neurons in the
hypothalamic arcuate nucleus participate in the sex‐steroid regulation of reproduction. In the …

Estrogen withdrawal increases gonadotropin secretion and body weight, but the critical cell
populations mediating these effects are not well understood. Recent studies have focused …

Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding either neurokinin B (NKB) or its receptor,
NK3 (NK3R), result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by an absence of …

BackgroundThe habenular complex is composed of important relay nuclei linking the limbic
forebrain to the midbrain and brain stem nuclei. Based on clinical observations, experiments …

Recent studies suggest that arcuate neurokinin B (NKB) neurons play a role in the
regulation of gonadotropin secretion, but there is little information on the relationship …

Neurokinin B (NKB) and kisspeptin receptor signaling are essential components of the
reproductive axis. A population of neurons resides within the arcuate nucleus of the rat that …

The anatomical distribution of Substance P (SP) has been investigated since the
development of antibodies against it in the 1970s. Although initial studies were performed …

A diverse array of chemical agents have been self administered by humans to alter the
psychological state. Such drugs of abuse include both stimulants and depressants of the …