In monkeys rendered parkinsonian with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP), expression of the dopamine D3 receptor was decreased. However, levodopa …

Abstract Metabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine) to the
neurotoxin MPP+ in the brain causes permanent Parkinson's disease-like symptoms by …

The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate models of Parkinson's
disease (PD) reproduce most, although not all, of the clinical and pathological hallmarks of …

The powerful trophic effects that glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exerts on
midbrain dopamine neurones suggest its use in treating Parkinson's disease. However …

Appearance of dyskinesia is a common problem of long-term l-DOPA treatment in
Parkinson's disease patients and represents a major limitation for the pharmacological …

Primary motor cortex (MI) neurons discharge vigorously during voluntary movement. A
cardinal symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poverty of movement (akinesia). Current …

Dopamine, the major neurotransmitter depleted in Parkinson disease, can be synthesized
and regulated in vivo with a combination of intrastriatal AAV-hAADC gene therapy and …

In Parkinson's disease, degeneration of specific neurons in the midbrain can cause severe
motor deficits, including tremors and the inability to initiate movement. The standard …

Parkinsonian patients often experience sleep/wake disturbances, which may appear at an
early stage of the disease; however, these disturbances have not been fully described. To …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the
progressive loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons and striatal dopamine. Despite the …