Redox biological reactions are now accepted to bear the Janus faceted feature of promoting
both physiological signaling responses and pathophysiological cues. Endogenous …

Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety
of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased …

Heme oxygenase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme degradation in order to generate
biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. The inducible form of the enzyme, heme …

Iron is an essential dietary element. However, the ability of iron to cycle between oxidized
and reduced forms also renders it capable of contributing to free radical formation, which …

Being the largest internal organ of the human body with the unique ability of self-
regeneration, the liver is involved in a wide variety of vital functions that require highly …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for
the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital …

Iron is essential for several vital biological processes. Its deficiency or overload drives to the
development of several pathologies. To maintain iron homeostasis, the organism controls …

Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring
cancers, and the prognosis for late-stage HCC remains poor. A better understanding of the …

Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and
α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver …