Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

Addiction treatment has not been appreciably improved by neuroscientific research. One
problem is that mechanistic studies using rodent models do not incorporate volitional social …

Relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of addiction. During the last
several decades, this clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using classic …

A widely held dogma in the preclinical addiction field is that females are more vulnerable
than males to drug craving and relapse. Here, we first review clinical studies on sex …

Methamphetamine (METH) use, and misuse are associated with severe socioeconomic
consequences. METH users develop tolerance, lose control over drug taking behaviors, and …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of human drug
addiction. This clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using different …

Background Studies using continuous-access drug self-administration showed that cocaine
seeking increases during abstinence (incubation of cocaine craving). Recently, studies …

Social reinforcement-based treatments are effective for many, but not all, people with
addictions to drugs. We recently developed an operant rat model that mimics features of one …

Despite decades of research on neurobiological mechanisms of psychostimulant addiction,
the only effective treatment for many addicts is contingency management, a behavioral …