Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

Emotion plays a crucial role, both in general human experience and in psychiatric illnesses.
Despite the importance of emotion, the relative lack of objective methodologies to …

Situated approaches to cognition maintain that cognition is embodied, embedded, enactive,
and affective (and extended, but that is not relevant here). Situated approaches are often …

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from
the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This …

The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating parasite of Apis mellifera honeybees. They can
cause colonies to collapse by spreading viruses and feeding on the fat reserves of adults …

Each taste modality is generally encoded by a single, molecularly defined, population of
sensory cells. However, salt stimulates multiple taste pathways in mammals and insects …

It is now accepted that neurons contain and release multiple transmitter substances.
However, we still have only limited insight into the regulation and functional effects of this co …

Hormones regulate development, as well as many vital processes in the daily life of an
animal. Many of these hormones are peptides that act at a higher hierarchical level in the …

The representation of contextual information peripheral to a salient stimulus is central to an
animal's ability to correctly interpret and flexibly respond to that stimulus. While the …