As a promising alternative platform for cellular immunotherapy, natural killer cells (NK) have
recently gained attention as an important type of innate immune regulatory cell. NK cells can …

TLR4, a transmembrane receptor, plays a central role in the innate immune response. TLR4
not only engages with exogenous ligands at the cellular membrane's surface but also …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that are expressed in immune cells
and various tumor cells. TLR7/8 are located in the intracellular endosomes, participate in …

Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition sensors mainly expressed in
innate immune cells that directly recognize conserved pathogen structures (pathogen …

As a significant public health problem with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, tumor is
one of the major diseases endangering human life. Moreover, metastasis is the most …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) s are homo-or heterodimeric proteins, whose structure and function
were widely described in the antigen presenting cells (APC), such as Dendritic cells (DC) …

Despite recent biomedical improvements in treating multiple myeloma, this disease still
remains incurable. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key immune receptors that recognize …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major challenge to global health due to
unsatisfactory treatment efficacy, side effects of current therapies, and immune tolerance …

The innate immune system recognizes conserved features of viral and microbial pathogens
through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLR s) are one type of …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not
only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among …