The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by
endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin …

White adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its
activation is necessary for lipolysis. WAT parasympathetic innervation is not supported. Fully …

[Avena, NM, Rada, P., Hoebel BG, 2007. Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and
neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience and …

Addictive drugs act on brain reward systems, although the brain evolved to respond not to
drugs but to natural rewards, such as food and sex. Appropriate responses to natural …

Work over the past decade has supported the idea that discrete aspects of appetitive
motivation are differentially mediated by separate but interacting neurochemical systems …

We suggested a new model of the effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) exerted during chronic
stress, in which GCs directly stimulate activities in the brain while indirectly inhibiting activity …

How does the brain cause positive affective reactions to sensory pleasure? An answer to
pleasure causation requires knowing not only which brain systems are activated by pleasant …

Cachexia is among the most debilitating and life‐threatening aspects of cancer. Associated
with anorexia, fat and muscle tissue wasting, psychological distress, and a lower quality of …

There is a long-standing interest in the role of endogenous opioid peptides in feeding
behavior and, in particular, in the modulation of food reward and palatability. Since drugs …

Neurochemical pathways involved in pathological overeating and obesity are poorly
understood. Although previous studies have shown increased μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and …