The understanding of the functions of the immune system needs a fundament of solid
anatomical knowledge. The construction and arrangement of the different components of the …

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and
adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics of mucosal …

Commensal microorganisms inhabit every mucosal surface of teleost fish. At these surfaces,
microorganisms directly and indirectly shape the teleost immune system. This review …

The paper presents the problem of intestinal mucosa immunity in teleost fish. The immunity
of the intestinal mucosa in teleost fish depends on the elements and mechanisms with …

Probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate
amounts confer health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics in aquaculture is an …

The gastrointestinal immune system plays an important role in immune homeostasis
regulation. It regulates the symbiotic host-microbiome interactions by training and …

The intestine, being a multifunctional organ central to both nutrient uptake, pathogen
recognition and regulating the intestinal microbiome, has been subjected to intense …

Microalgae are known to be abundant in various habitats around the globe, and are rich in
high value-added products such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and pigments …

The common goldfish is the most widespread teleosts in the world. Due to its peculiar
characteristics, such as the high resistance, easy availability and stabulation, and for its …

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of Thailand's most important pathogens in tilapia
aquaculture. Vaccination is a very effective method for protecting fish against disease in …