Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have important roles in tumour development, relapse and
metastasis; the intrinsic self-renewal characteristics and tumorigenic properties of these cells …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor‐initiating cells (TICs), are suggested to be
responsible for drug resistance and cancer relapse due in part to their ability to self‐renew …

Abstract The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway was first identified in the common fruit fly. It
is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway of signal transmission from the cell membrane to …

Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by
altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of …

The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a
consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in development, wound healing,
and cancer development. It involves cooperation of signaling pathways, such as …

A substantial fraction of disease-causing mutations are pathogenic through aberrant
splicing. Although genome profiling studies have identified somatic single-nucleotide …

Gli zinc-finger proteins are transcription factors involved in the intracellular signal
transduction controlled by the Hedgehog family of secreted molecules. They are frequently …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor initiation, growth, and
metastasis. In addition, CSCs play a significant role in inducing immune evasion, thereby …