This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the
regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current …

Human health is under constant threat of a wide variety of dangers, both self and nonself.
The immune system is occupied with protecting the host against such dangers in order to …

Following its release into the extracellular space in response to metabolic disturbances, the
endogenous nucleoside adenosine exerts a range of immunomodulatory effects and cells of …

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3), an important component of the glycogen metabolism
pathway, is highly expressed in the CNS. It has been implicated in major neurological …

Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that, following its release into the
extracellular space, binds to specific adenosine receptors expressed on the cell surface …

Caffeine is a member of the methylxanthine family of drugs, and is the most widely
consumed behaviourally active substance in the western world. This article is focused on the …

Adenosine is a primordial signaling molecule present in every cell of the human body that
mediates its physiological functions by interacting with 4 subtypes of G-protein-coupled …

At sites of inflammation and tumor growth, the local concentration of extracellular adenosine
rapidly increases and plays a role in controlling the immune responses of nearby cells …

Extracellular adenosine is produced in a coordinated manner from cells following cellular
challenge or tissue injury. Once produced, it serves as an autocrine-and paracrine-signaling …

Hyperinflammation plays an important role in severe and critical COVID-19. Using
inconsistent criteria, many researchers define hyperinflammation as a form of very severe …