The normal stress response in humans is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis through heightened mechanisms during stress, raising blood levels of the …

Abstract The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesizes that
environmental insults during childhood programs the individual to develop chronic disease …

Exposure to environmental enrichment can beneficially influence the behavior and enhance
synaptic plasticity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediated effects of …

Stress exposure can produce profound changes in physiology and behavior that can impair
health and well-being. Of note, stress exposure is linked to anxiety disorders and depression …

Severe and prolonged stress is the main environmental factor that precipitates depression,
anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions. On the other hand, exposure to environmental …

Boredom is an emotional state that occurs when an individual has nothing to do, is not
interested in the surrounding, and feels dreary and in a monotony. While this condition is …

Overindulgence, excessive consumption, and a pattern of compulsive use of natural
rewards, such as certain foods or drugs of abuse, may result in the development of obesity …

Child development research highlights caregiver regulation of infant physiology and
behavior as a key feature of early life attachment, although mechanisms for maternal control …

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are aggregates of extracellular matrix that form structures
surrounding a subset of GABAergic interneurons. The staining intensity of PNNs appears to …

Restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are one of two diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum
disorder and common in other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. The term …