Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

Despite an initial focus on negative threatening stimuli, researchers have more recently
expanded the investigation of attentional biases toward positive rewarding stimuli. The …

Arrest of ongoing movements is an integral part of executing motor programs. Behavioral
arrest may happen upon termination of a variety of goal-directed movements or as a global …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

I propose a reconceptualization of key phenomena important in the study of emotion—those
phenomena that reflect functions and circuits related to survival, and that are shared by …

Sleep is regulated by a homeostatic and a circadian process. Together these two processes
determine most aspects of sleep and related variables like sleepiness and alertness. The …

Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective
sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what …

Maintaining attention for more than a few seconds is essential for mastering everyday life.
Yet, our ability to stay focused on a particular task is limited, resulting in well-known …

Switches between different behavioral states of the animal are associated with prominent
changes in global brain activity, between sleep and wakefulness or from inattentive to …

The circumplex model of affect proposes that all affective states arise from cognitive
interpretations of core neural sensations that are the product of two independent …