Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability
worldwide. Despite abundant research, the precise mechanisms underlying the …

A large and expending body of evidence indicates that the gut-brain axis likely plays a
crucial role in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). As a whole, the gut …

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is associated with biological processes such as
mitochondriogenesis, reproduction, growth, and aging. In addition, PQQ attenuates clinically …

Maintenance of gastrointestinal health is challenging as it requires balancing multifaceted
processes within the highly complex and dynamic ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease characterised by
degenerative cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. In a society where the global …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is more common
in females. Despite its high global incidence, the disease mechanism is still unclear and …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severely debilitating disease characterized by
progressive degeneration of motor neurons. ALS etiology and pathophysiology are not well …

Enteric neuron degeneration has been observed during aging, and in individuals with
metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. Honokiol, a naturally occurring …

Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are incurable
autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract …

The circadian clock coordinates physiology, metabolism, and behavior with the 24-h cycles
of environmental light. Fundamental mechanisms of how the circadian clock regulates organ …