Interactions between central glial cells and neurons in the pain circuitry are critical
contributors to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In the central nervous system (CNS), two …

Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain …

Opioid use for pain management has dramatically increased, with little assessment of
potential pathophysiological consequences for the primary pain condition. Here, a short …

Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The
etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

In a large proportion of individuals nervous system damage may lead to a debilitating
chronic neuropathic pain. Such pain may now be considered a neuro-immune disorder …

The cytokine cascade in pain and inflammatory processes is a tremendously complex
system, involving glial, immune, and neuronal cell interactions. IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory …

Neuropathic pain represents a major problem in clinical medicine because it causes
debilitating suffering and is largely resistant to currently available analgesics. A …

Pain is classically viewed as being mediated solely by neurons, as are other sensory
phenomena. The discovery that spinal cord glia (microglia and astrocytes) amplify pain …

Microglia, the intrinsic macrophages of the central nervous system, have previously been
shown to be activated in the spinal cord in several rat mononeuropathy models. Activation of …