Type II protein secretion systems (T2SS) are molecular machines that promote specific
transport of folded periplasmic proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, across a dedicated …

The surface of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contains long hair-like
proteinaceous protrusion known as pili or fimbriae. Historically, pilin proteins were …

Cell-surface-located proteinaceous appendages, such as flagella and fimbriae or pili, are
ubiquitous in bacterial communities. Here, we focus on conserved type IV pili (T4P) …

Abstract Type IV pili (T4P) are filamentous appendages found on many Bacteria and
Archaea. They are helical fibres of pilin proteins assembled by a multi-component …

Colonization of the host intestine is the most important step in Vibrio cholerae infection. The
toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an operon-encoded type IVb pilus (T4bP), plays a crucial role …

Vibrio cholerae can cause pandemic cholera in humans. The waterborne bacterium is
frequently isolated from aquatic products worldwide. However, current literature on the …

Initial attachment and subsequent colonization of the intestinal epithelium comprise critical
events allowing enteric pathogens to survive and express their pathogenesis. In …

Abstract Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium responsible for
the current seventh pandemic of the diarrheal disease, cholera. A previous whole-genome …

Enterotoxigenic E scherichia coli (ETEC) colonize the human gut, causing severe cholera‐
like diarrhoea. ETEC utilize a diverse array of pili and fimbriae for host colonization …

Many bacteria possess dynamic filaments called Type IV pili (T4P) that perform diverse
functions in colonization and dissemination, including host cell adhesion, DNA uptake, and …