Abstract The Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli has emerged as an important species for
studying sexual selection, development, and physiology. Comparative evolutionary …

Immunoglobulin (Ig) genes encode antibodies in jawed vertebrates. They are essential
elements of the adaptive immune response. Ig exists in soluble form or as part of the B cell …

The allocation of energy towards gamete production, parental care, mate choice, sex roles,
and sexual dimorphism generates divergence in selection between sexes, leading to sexual …

Duplicates of genes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules can be subjected
to selection independently and vary markedly in their evolutionary rates, sequence …

The study of immune phenotypes in wild animals is beset by numerous methodological
challenges, with assessment of detailed aspects of phenotype difficult to impossible. This …

Seahorses have evolved many unique biological traits, including a male brood pouch, the
absence of caudal and pelvic fins, and the lack of spleen and gut-associated lymphatic …

Abstract Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has lost the major histocompatibility complex class II
presentation pathway. We recently identified CD8-positive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells …

The absence of MHC class II antigen presentation and multiple pathogen recognition
receptors in the Atlantic cod has not impaired its immune response however how underlying …

Background The common dragonet, Callionymus lyra, is one of three Callionymus species
inhabiting the North Sea. All three species show strong sexual dimorphism. The males show …

Pregnancy, the post‐fertilization period when embryos are incubated within the body, is a
dynamic multistage process that has convergently evolved in many vertebrates. To increase …