Recent preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that the galanin peptide family may
regulate glucose metabolism and alleviate insulin resistance, which diminishes the …

Obesity/overweight are important health problems due to metabolic complications.
Dysregulation of peptides exerting orexigenic/anorexigenic effects must be investigated in …

Primary cilia are non‐motile antennae‐like structures responsible for sensing environmental
changes in most mammalian cells. Ciliary signalling is largely mediated by the Sonic …

Objective: Galanin is a neuropeptide which has effects not only on metabolic syndrome but
also on reproduction. Glypican-4 is an adipokine associated with insulin sensitivity by …

Following an unprecedented rise in the number of the aged, the incidence of age-related
diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is consequently increasing in the …

Age is a major risk factor for developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
There is an unprecedented rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes in recent decades. A …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems
worldwide. T2DM is considered to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. Interestingly, several …

The communication between brain and peripheral tissues is mediated by neuropeptides that
coordinate the functions of each organ with the activities of the entire body in specific …

The two most popular endocrinopathies that exist in clinical practice are thyroid disease and
diabetes mellitus DM. In the one hand, thyroid hormones control the metabolism of …

ABSTRACT Objective The hallmarks of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) include the destruction
of thyroid cells by leading to insulin resistance (IR), hypothyroidism, and metabolic …