Background Adenosine is a purinergic signaling molecule with a wide range of
physiological functions including anti-and pronociceptive properties. Adenosine receptors …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic bladder
disorder with limited therapeutic options currently available. The present review provides an …

Pain is a common clinical symptom that seriously affects the quality of life in a variety of
patient populations. In recent years, research on the role of adenosine signaling in pain …

Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic disorder characterized by
pelvic and/or bladder pain, along with lower urinary tract symptoms that have a significant …

Purpose Hyperalgesia and bladder overactivity are two main symptoms of interstitial
cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Cannabinoid receptors participate in the …

Hemorrhagic cystitis is an important complication of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, and
current therapies for the disease are limited. The natural flavonoid luteolin (LUT) has …

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder inflammation. Inhibition of prostaglandin G/H
synthase 2 (PTGS2) is the most common method for controlling inflammation-related …

The abnormal CXCL13/CXCR5 axis is involved in many inflammatory diseases and its
selective inhibitor, TAK-799 has exhibited strong anti-inflammatory potency. The sequencing …

The urothelium, which covers the inner surface of the bladder, is continuously exposed to a
complex physical environment where it is stimulated by, and responds to, a wide range of …

Electroacupuncture (EA) can protect against acute urinary retention (AUR); however, the
underlying mechanism remains unclear. Non-vesicular ATP release mediated by transient …