Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and
also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors …

The agricultural sustainability concept considers higher food production combating biotic
and abiotic stresses, socio-economic well-being, and environmental conservation. On the …

Identification of leaf disorder plays an important role in the economic prosperity of any
country. Many parts of a plant can be infected by a virus, fungal, bacteria, and other …

Highlights•True endophytic fungi (EF) are organisms inside plants never causing
disease.•Fungal interactions in plants are a continuum from pathogenic to beneficial.•EF can …

Endophytes is a kind of microorganism resource with great potential medicinal value. The
interactions between endophytes and host not only promote the growth and development of …

The growing global population has created a significant demand for both quality and
quantity of agricultural products, resulting in a significant increase in the use of …

Reduction of plant growth, yield and quality due to diverse environmental constrains along
with climate change significantly limit the sustainable production of horticultural crops. In this …

Highlights•Plant-associated fungi in the rhizosphere are incredibly diverse.•High plant
diversity promotes fungal diversity and can suppress soil fungal pathogens.•Many …

Alternaria alternata that threatens pepper production and causes major economic harm is
responsible for the leaf spot/blight disease. Chemical fungicides have been widely …

Plant growth and nutrition are adversely affected by various factors such as water stress,
high temperature, and plant pathogens. Plant-associated microbes play a vital role in the …