The spatiotemporal control of gene expression is dependent on the activity of cis-acting
regulatory sequences, called enhancers, which regulate target genes over variable genomic …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) outnumber protein-coding transcripts, but their functions
remain largely unknown. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in the …

How enhancers control target gene expression over long genomic distances remains an
important unsolved problem. Here we investigated enhancer–promoter communication by …

Although enhancers are central regulators of mammalian gene expression, the mechanisms
underlying enhancer–promoter (EP) interactions remain unclear. Chromosome …

How enhancers activate their distal target promoters remains incompletely understood. Here
we dissect how CTCF-mediated loops facilitate and restrict such regulatory interactions …

Cohesin folds mammalian interphase chromosomes by extruding the chromatin fiber into
numerous loops.“Loop extrusion” can be impeded by chromatin-bound factors, such as …

Chromatin folds into dynamic loops that often span hundreds of kilobases and physically
wire distant loci together for gene regulation. These loops are continuously created …

Previous studies have identified topologically associating domains (TADs) as basic units of
genome organization. We present evidence of a previously unreported level of genome …

Enhancer-mediated gene activation generally requires physical proximity between
enhancers and their target gene promoters. However, the molecular mechanisms by which …

Gene expression patterns in complex multicellular organisms are regulated by enhancers,
which communicate with their target gene promoters in three-dimensional (3D) chromatin …