This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

The opioid overdose death toll in the United States is an ongoing public health crisis. We
characterized the magnitude and duration of respiratory depression, the leading cause of …

We are developing a series of thiolesters that produce an immediate and sustained reversal
of the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on ventilation without …

This study demonstrates that intravenous infusion of the cell-penetrant thiol ester, L-cysteine
ethyl ester (L-CYSee), to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats elicited (a) minor alterations in …

L-cysteine ethylester (L-CYSee) is a membrane-permeable analogue of L-cysteine with a
variety of pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of L …

We examined whether co-injections of the cell-permeant D-cysteine analogues, D-cysteine
ethyl ester (D-CYSee) and D-cysteine ethyl amide (D-CYSea), prevent acquisition of …

The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of addiction/dependence on
morphine may result from the ability of the opioid to diminish the transport of L-cysteine into …

Abstract N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC) is a proposed therapeutic for opioid use disorder. This
study determined whether co-injections of L-NAC (500 μmol/kg, IV) or its highly cell …

Our lab is investigating the efficacy profiles of tropine analogs against opioid-induced
respiratory depression. The companion manuscript reports that the cell-permeant tropeine …

Fentanyl elicits profound disturbances in ventilatory control processes in humans and
experimental animals. The traditional viewpoint with respect to fentanyl-induced respiratory …