The utilization of indirect visualization during procedures has been increasingly replacing
traditional forms of direct visualization across many different surgical specialties. The …

In the past, the use of endoscopic spine surgery was limited to intervertebral discectomy;
however, it has recently become possible to treat various spinal degenerative diseases …

Many types of surgeries are changing from conventional to minimally invasive techniques.
Techniques in spine surgery have also changed, with endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) …

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has evolved as a safe, effective, and efficient alternative for
minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). The innovation of full-endoscopic systems makes …

Introduction: Endoscopic spine surgery has become one of the representative minimally
invasive spine surgeries (MISS), especially in the lumbar spine. Full-endoscopic procedures …

Objective With the advancement of minimally invasive spine surgery, endoscopic
discectomy (ED) has become a common technique for degenerative disease of the spine …

The conventional surgical technique for radiculopathy with cervical disc herniation (CDH) is
anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, with a good clinical outcome and fusion rate …

Background Since there are currently no systematic evidence-based medical data on the
efficacy and safety of PECD, this meta-analysis pooled data from studies that reported the …

Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objectives: Cervical spine endoscopic
discectomy and decompression have gained popularity in the last decade. This review …

Objectives Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principle and minimally invasive
surgery allow patients to recover faster and better postoperatively. Due to a paucity of their …