Graves orbitopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy, is
visually disabling, cosmetically disfiguring and has a substantial negative impact on a …

Objective Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating condition that frequently manifests in
patients suffering from Graves' disease (GD). This study aims to analyse the prevalence of …

Background Thyroid eye disease manifests inflammation and treatment-resistant proptosis
and diplopia. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibiting monoclonal …

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal involvement of
Graves' disease but it sometimes occurs in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients. Thyroid …

Thyroid eye disease is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with a spectrum of signs and
symptoms. Oftentimes, the diagnosis of thyroid eye disease is straightforward, based upon …

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves'
disease (GD). Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in GO …

Thyroid hormones and essential elements iodine (I), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu),
zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), etc. play an important role in the work of many …

Teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted against the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-
1) receptor, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for …

Graves' orbitopathy is a debilitating disorder which occurs in patients with autoimmune
thyroid disease, mainly Graves' disease, and adds layers of complexity to management of …

Purpose Improved understanding of thyroid eye disease (TED) pathogenesis has facilitated
identification of a targeted molecular approach for TED treatment offering the potential to halt …