Carbon is one of the key elements in organisms and non-living compounds on Earth.
Carbon dioxide and methane are important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, dissolved …

We formalize the Gaia hypothesis about the Earth climate system using advances in
theoretical biology based on the minimization of variational free energy. This amounts to the …

During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1,200–800 kya), Earth's orbitally paced ice age
cycles intensified, lengthened from∼ 40,000 (∼ 40 ky) to∼ 100 ky, and became distinctly …

Over the past eight hundred thousand years, glacial–interglacial cycles oscillated with a
period of one hundred thousand years ('100k world'). Ice core and ocean sediment data …

Marked by a progressive increase in the amplitude of climate oscillations, an evolving
waveform, and a shift towards a quasi-100 ky frequency, the Early–Middle Pleistocene …

Abstract The Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT), where the Pleistocene glacial cycles
changed from 41 to∼ 100 kyr periodicity, is one of the most intriguing unsolved issues in the …

Abstract Changes in deep ocean ventilation are commonly invoked as the primary cause of
lower glacial atmospheric CO2. The water mass structure of the glacial deep Atlantic Ocean …

Over the past three million years, Earth's climate oscillated between warmer interglacials
with reduced terrestrial ice volume and cooler glacials with expanded polar ice sheets …

Atmospheric CO2 and polar ice volume have been strongly coupled over the past 805,000
years. However, the prior extent of coupling, during times of lower-amplitude ice-volume …

Radiometric dating of glacial terminations over the past 640,000 years suggests pacing by
Earth's climatic precession, with each glacial-interglacial period spanning four or five cycles …