Cancer has always been an enormous threat to human health and survival. Surgery,
radiotherapy, and chemotherapy could improve the survival of cancer patients, but most …

The microRNA, miR-155 regulates both adaptive and innate immune responses. In viral
infections, miR-155 can affect both innate immunity (interferon response, natural killer cell …

Long-term immunological memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for the development of population-level immunity, which is the aim …

The COVID-19 pandemic has reached direct and indirect medical and social consequences
with a subset of patients who rapidly worsen and die from severe-critical manifestations. As …

Virus infection induces the development of T follicular helper (TFH) and T helper 1 (TH1)
cells. Although TFH cells are important in anti-viral humoral immunity, the contribution of …

The number of virus-specific CD8 T cells increases substantially during an acute infection.
Up to 90% of CD8 T cells are virus specific following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus …

Effective responses to intracellular pathogens are characterized by T cell clones with a
broad affinity range for their cognate peptide and diverse functional phenotypes. How T cell …

Nasal vaccination is considered to be an effective and convenient way of increasing immune
responses both systemically and locally. Although various nanovaccine carriers have been …

The present study describes the generation of a new Orf virus (ORFV) recombinant, D1701-
V-RabG, expressing the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein that is correctly presented on the …

The contribution of HLA class II–restricted CD4+ T cell responses to HIV immune control is
poorly defined. Here, we delineated previously uncharacterized peptide-DRB1 restrictions in …