Potassium ion homeostasis is essential for bacterial survival, playing roles in
osmoregulation, pH homeostasis, regulation of protein synthesis, enzyme activation …

Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular
complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical …

The cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signalling system (CBASS) and the pyrimidine
cyclase system for antiphage resistance (Pycsar) are antiphage defence systems in diverse …

More than 55 distinct classes of riboswitches that respond to small metabolites or elemental
ions have been experimentally validated to date. The ligands sensed by these riboswitches …

When bacteria experience growth-limiting environmental conditions, the synthesis of the
hyperphosphorylated guanosine derivatives (p) ppGpp is induced by enzymes of the …

Bacterial stress-signaling alarmones are important components of a protective network
against diverse stresses such as nutrient starvation and antibiotic assault. pppGpp and …

Organisms presumably have mechanisms to monitor and physiologically adapt to changes
in cellular Na+ concentrations. Only a single bacterial protein has previously been …

Glutamate (Glu) is the primary excitatory transmitter in the mammalian brain. But, we know
little about the evolutionary history of this adaptation, including the selection of l-glutamate …

The mycobacterial repressor, DarR, a TetR family regulator (TFR), was the first transcription
regulator shown to bind c-di-AMP. However, the molecular basis for this interaction and the …

Because of their photosynthesis-dependent lifestyle, cyanobacteria evolved sophisticated
regulatory mechanisms to adapt to oscillating day-night metabolic changes. How they …