Calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid or urate are the most
common crystals seen in the kidneys. Most of the crystals evoke an inflammatory response …

Urolithiasis is the third most common urological disease after urinary tract infections and
prostate diseases, and it is characterised by an occurrence rate of about 15%, which …

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones are formed attached to Randall's plaques (RPs) or
Randall's plugs. Mechanisms involved in the formation and growth are poorly understood. It …

Epidemiological studies have provided the evidence for association between nephrolithiasis
and a number of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney …

Renal cellular exposure to oxalate (Ox) and/or CaOx crystals leads to the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS), development of oxidative stress followed by injury and …

The role of dietary oxalate in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation remains unclear.
However, due to the risk for stone disease that is associated with a low calcium intake …

Renal calculi are crystalline structures of calcium oxalate with associated risk factors like
dehydration, high fat diet, animal protein, high salt intake and obesity. Crystals form in the …

Mitochondrion is a pivotal intracellular organelle that plays crucial roles in regulation of
energy production, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Kidney stone …

Hyperoxaluria due to endogenously synthesized and exogenously ingested oxalates is a
leading cause of recurrent oxalate stone formations. Even though, humans largely rely on …

Epigenetic modifications (eg DNA methylation) in NAFLD and their contribution to disease
progression and extrahepatic complications are poorly explored. Here, we use an integrated …