The Vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been reported to
enhance virion release from infected cells and to down-regulate the expression of CD4 on …

Natural killer (NK) cells specialize in killing virally infected-or tumor cells and are part of the
innate immune system. The activational state of NK cells is determined by the balance of …

Der3/Hrd1p is a protein required for proper degradation of misfolded soluble and integral
membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the yeast Saccharomyces …

The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) are members
of thelentiviridae subgroup of retroviruses that cause a progressive failure of the host …

Evasion of the immune system by viruses is a well-studied field. It remains a challenge to
understand how these viral tactics affect pathogenesis and the viral lifecycle. At the same …

Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) play a central role in immune responses against tumors and
cells infected with viruses and intracellular bacteria. They also are of pivotal importance in …

Since the beginning of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic in 1981,
research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been focused on mechanisms by …

Virus protein U (Vpu) from HIV-1, a small membrane protein composed of a transmembrane
helical domain and two α-helices in an amphipathic cytoplasmic domain, down modulates …

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) downregulates cell surface expression of HLA-A
and HLA-B but not HLA-C or HLA-E to ultimately escape immune defences. Here, it is shown …

The MHC class I complex, which binds and presents peptide antigen, is composed of a class
I heavy chain and the β2-microglobulin light chain. HIV-1, which induces a profound …