The cytoplasmic domain of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu is involved in the binding and
degradation of the viral receptor CD4. In order to analyze previous structural models in the …

In order to propagate and persist within the host, HIV-1 subverts a variety of checkpoints of
innate and adaptive viral immunosurveillance. Many of these are related to natural killer …

In the absence of antiretroviral therapy, infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) can typically not be controlled by the infected host and results in the development of …

Recent advances in understanding the roles of the lentiviral accessory proteins have
provided fascinating insight into the molecular biology of the virus and uncovered previously …

Viruses have evolved numerous mechanisms that modulate MHC-mediated antigen
presentation, which in turn protect infected cells from T-lymphocyte-mediated …

The Success of combination antiretroviral therapy, to reduce viral load in infected subjects
resulted in improved prognosis for many HIV-1 positive individuals. However, a number of …

An SH3-binding domain within the Nef protein of primate lentiviruses has been reported to
be important to viral replication and infectivity and dispensable for CD4 downregulation, but …

Background: Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are critical for the control of HIV-1
infection and their importance was highlighted by the existence of viral proteins, particularly …

Evasion of host immunity is a common objective of viruses that cause chronic infections.
Viruses involved in sexually transmitted infections constitute no exception to this …

Nef is a regulatory protein encoded by the genome of both human and simian
immunodeficiency virus. Its expression in T cells leads to CD4 and major histocompatibility …