Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are important effectors of innate immunity against viral
infections. Here we identified TRIM35 as a regulator of TRAF3 activation. Deficiency in or …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of
tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) molecules in inflammation …

It is known that the etiology and clinical outcomes of autoimmune diseases are associated
with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In the case of the genetic factor, the …

Objective AC‐to‐T single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position 1858 of
human protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 complementary DNA carries the highest risk …

Introduction: Virus infections have long been considered as a possible cause of type 1
diabetes (T1D). One virus group, enteroviruses (EVs), has been studied extensively, and …

Similar to human monocytes, bovine monocytes can be split into CD14highCD16-classical,
CD14highCD16high intermediate and CD14-/dimCD16high nonclassical monocytes (cM …

For over a century, viruses have left a long trail of evidence implicating them as frequent
suspects in the development of type 1 diabetes. Through vigorous interrogation of viral …

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against
components of the neuromuscular junction, particularly the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) …

Autoimmunity against the adrenal cortex is the leading cause of Addison's disease in
industrialized countries, with prevalence estimates ranging from 93–220 per million in …

Abstract Purpose of Review We provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the
natural history of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the documented associations between …