Free radicals are reactive compounds that are naturally produced in the human body. They
can exert positive effects (eg on the immune system) or negative effects (eg lipids, proteins …

Exercise appears to increase reactive oxygen species, which can result in damage to cells.
Exercise results in increased amounts of malondialdehyde in blood and pentane in breath; …

There is growing interest in the biologic activities of plant extracts such as that obtained from
the bark of the French maritime pine Pinus maritima, Pycnogenol. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a …

Strenuous bouts of prolonged exercise and heavy training are associated with depressed
immune cell function. Furthermore, inadequate or inappropriate nutrition can compound the …

This article reviews the role of free radicals in causing oxidative stress during exercise. High
intensity exercise induces oxidative stress and although there is no evidence that this affects …

Although assays for the most popular markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress may
experience methodological flaws, there is sufficient credible evidence to suggest that …

Despite the many known health benefits of exercise, there is a body of evidence suggesting
that endurance exercise is associated with oxidative stress. To determine whether extreme …

Skeletal muscle fibers continually generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a slow rate
that increases during muscle contraction. This activity-dependent increase in ROS …

Competitive soccer engages many of the body's systems to a major extent. The
musculoskeletal, nervous, immune and metabolic systems are stressed to a point where …

During exercise a number of potential sources exist for the production of reactive oxygen
species such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Oxidative …