Introduction Gender equity and gender medicine are opportunities not to be missed, and this
Expert Group Opinion Paper on pain in women aims to review the treatment of pain …

Migraine is a severe neurovascular disorder of which the pathophysiology is not yet fully
understood. Besides the role of inflammatory mediators that interact with the …

The neuropeptides CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) and PACAP (pituitary adenylate
cyclase-activating polypeptide) have emerged as mediators of migraine, yet the potential …

Migraine is an incapacitating neurological disorder that predominantly affects women. Sex
and other hormones (eg, oxytocin, and prolactin) may play a role in sexual dimorphic …

Oxytocin and vasopressin are neurohypophyseal hormones with sequence similarity and
play a central role in bodily homeostatic regulation. Pain is currently understood to be an …

Objective Determination of possible sex differences in mechanisms promoting migraine
progression and the contribution of prolactin and the prolactin long (PRLR-L) and short …

Objective To highlight the emerging understanding of oxytocin (OT) and oxytocin receptors
(OTRs) in modulating menstrual‐related migraine (MRM). Background MRM is highly …

Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary headache disorder attributed to
overuse of acute headache medications by a person with an underlying headache disorder …

Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by the
lactotroph cells of the pituitary. There are two main isoforms of PRL: 23‐kDa PRL (named full …

Abstract Trigeminal (TG), dorsal root (DRG), and nodose/jugular (NG/JG) ganglia each
possess specialized and distinct functions. We used RNA sequencing of two-cycle sorted …