Purpose To compare the efficacy and the safety of submacular hemorrhage (SMH)
management using either surgical pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or pneumatic displacement …

Rating scales are instruments that are very frequently used by clinicians to perform patient
assessments. Typically, rating scales grade the attribute on an ordinal level of measurement …

Ophthalmologists and researchers in ophthalmology understand what a rapidly evolving
field ophthalmology is, and that to conduct good research it is essential to use the latest and …

Object. The management of optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) remains
controversial but includes surgery, radiotherapy, and plain observation. Surgery is often …

To promote consistency in terminology, this paper explores the distinction between Visual
Functions, which describe how the eye functions, and Functional Vision, which describes …

Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are generally considered the gold-standard for providing
scientific evidence for treatments' effectiveness and safety but their findings may not always …

Optometrists, by definition, care deeply about measurement. This brief review article
considers the essential features of measurement that make many optometric instruments so …

Abstract The Item Response Theory (IRT) has become a method for investigating
observable variables based on polytomous scales. Thus, the main objective of this article …

Massof RW, Hsu CT, Baker FH, Barnett GD, Park WL, Deremeik JT, Rainey C, Epstein C.
Visual disability variables. I: The importance and difficulty of activity goals for a sample of low …

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to describe the
psychometric properties of a measure of team development that can be used to assess and …