Sleep is a complex physiological process and is a critical determinant of physical and
mental health. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding …

Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Epilepsy is a neurologicaldisorder characterized by persistent predisposition to recurrent
seizurescaused by abnormal neuronal activity in the brain. Epileptic seizures maydevelop …

Histidine is a dietary essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized in humans. The
WHO/FAO requirement for adults for histidine is 10 mg· kg body weight-1· d-1. Histidine is …

Neurotransmitters are important biochemical molecules that control behavioral and
physiological functions in central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the analysis of …

Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues.
Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein–coupled …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Imidazole was first synthesized by Heinrich Debus in 1858 and was obtained by the reaction
of glyoxal and formaldehyde in ammonia, initially called glyoxaline. The current literature …

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental brain disorder
characterized by two core behavioral symptoms, namely impairments in social …

Humans and many other animals have an enormous capacity to learn about sensory stimuli
and to master new skills. However, many of the mechanisms that enable us to learn remain …