Locomotion is a purposeful, goal‐directed behavior initiated by signals arising from either
volitional processing in the cerebral cortex or emotional processing in the limbic system …

Based on electrophysiological, neurochemical, genetic and neuropharmacological
approaches, it is currently accepted that serotonin (5-HT) functions predominantly to …

▪ Abstract The organization and possible functions of basal forebrain and pontine cholinergic
systems are reviewed. Whereas the basal forebrain cholinergic neuronal projections likely …

Distributed within the laterodorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT
and PPT), cholinergic neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum have long been …

IN homeothermic species, a thermoregulatory system coordinates defenses against cold
and heat to maintain internal body temperature within a narrow range, thus optimizing …

The lateral part of the mesopontine tegmentum contains functionally important structures
involved in the control of posture and gait. Specifically, the mesencephalic locomotor region …

No previous report in any species has examined comprehensively the projections of the
median raphe (MR) nucleus with modern tracing techniques. The present report represents …

Here we review a role of a basal ganglia–brainstem (BG–BS) system throughout the
mesopontine tegmentum in the control of various types of behavioral expression. First the …

Rationale Dysfunction of serotonergic systems is thought to play an important role in a
number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that there is …

At its most basic level, the function of mammalian sleep can be described as a restorative
process of the brain and body; recently, however, progressive research has revealed a host …